Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects around 10 million globally. Its exact cause remains uncertain, though genetics and environment contribute. It’s a key cause of female infertility, with diverse physical and emotional symptoms. Despite the name, not all have ovarian cysts. Insulin inefficiency and excess lead to glucose problems and more androgens. Progesterone imbalance causes irregular periods. PCOS emerges after puberty or in early adulthood and is often undiagnosed due to varied symptoms. Diagnosis requires two of: irregular periods, enlarged ovaries, and excess androgens. Early management, including weight loss, reduces diabetes and heart disease risk.