Two major health conditions that can affect women after menopause are osteoporosis and heart disease. To protect yourself against osteoporosis, take 1,200 mg of calcium per day, along with 800 to 2,000 IU of vitamin D daily if you are over 50 years old (be sure to talk to your doctor). Stay active, specifically with weight-bearing exercises, stop smoking, avoid caffeine, and eat a well-balanced diet. Smoking cessation, healthy eating, and exercise can all help to protect you against heart disease as well. Monitoring your blood pressure, reducing stress, and watching your weight are also important.